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+import numpy as np
+from numpy.linalg import cholesky
+
+
+def cholesky_solve(K, y):
+ """
+ Applies Cholesky decomposition to obtain the 'alpha coeficients'.
+ K: kernel.
+ y: known parameters.
+ """
+ # The initial mathematical problem is to solve Ka=y.
+
+ # First, add a small lambda value.
+ K[np.diag_indices_from(K)] += 1e-8
+
+ # Get the Cholesky decomposition of the kernel.
+ L = cholesky(K)
+ size = len(L)
+
+ # Solve Lx=y for x.
+ x = np.zeros(size)
+ x[0] = y[0] / L[0, 0]
+ for i in range(1, size):
+ temp_sum = 0.0
+ for j in range(i):
+ temp_sum += L[i, j] * x[j]
+ x[i] = (y[i] - temp_sum) / L[i, i]
+
+ # Now, solve LTa=x for a.
+ L2 = L.T
+ a = np.zeros(size)
+ a_ms = size - 1
+ a[a_ms] = x[a_ms] / L2[a_ms, a_ms]
+ # Because of the form of L2 (upper triangular matriz), an inversion of
+ # range() needs to be done.
+ for i in range(0, a_ms)[::-1]:
+ temp_sum = 0.0
+ for j in range(i, size)[::-1]:
+ temp_sum += L2[i, j] * a[j]
+ a[i] = (x[i] - temp_sum) / L2[i, i]
+
+ return a