1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
|
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="theme-dark" lang="en
"
prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="icon" href="https://static.luevano.xyz/images/icons/favicon.ico">
<title>Create a git server and setup cgit web app (on Nginx) -- Luévano's Blog</title>
<meta name="description" content="How to create a git server using cgit on a server running Nginx. This is a follow up on post about creating a website with Nginx and Certbot."/>
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://blog.luevano.xyz/rss.xml" title="Luévano's Blog RSS">
<!-- general style -->
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static.luevano.xyz/css/style.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static.luevano.xyz/fork-awesome/css/fork-awesome.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static.luevano.xyz/font-awesome/css/all.min.css">
<!-- theme related -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://static.luevano.xyz/scripts/theme.js"></script>
<link id="theme-css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static.luevano.xyz/css/theme.css">
<!-- misc functions-->
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://static.luevano.xyz/scripts/return_top.js"></script>
<!-- extra -->
<!-- highlight support for code blocks -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://static.luevano.xyz/hl/highlight.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();
</script>
<link id="code-theme-css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static.luevano.xyz/hl/styles/nord.min.css">
<!-- og meta -->
<meta property="og:title" content="Create a git server and setup cgit web app (on Nginx) -- Luévano's Blog"/>
<meta property="og:type" content="article"/>
<meta property="og:url" content="https://blog.luevano.xyz/a/git_server_with_cgit.md"/>
<meta property="og:image" content="https://static.luevano.xyz/images/b/default.png"/>
<meta property="og:description" content="How to create a git server using cgit on a server running Nginx. This is a follow up on post about creating a website with Nginx and Certbot."/>
<meta property="og:locale" content="en"/>
<meta property="og:site_name" content="Luévano's Blog"/>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<nav>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://luevano.xyz/"><i class="fas fa-home" alt="Home"></i><span>Home</span></a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://blog.luevano.xyz/"><i class="fas fa-book-open" alt="Blog"></i><span>Blog</span></a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://art.luevano.xyz/"><i class="fas fa-paint-brush" alt="Art"></i><span>Art</span></a>
</li>
<li><i class="fab fa-git" alt="Git"></i><span>Git</span>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://git.luevano.xyz/" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-git-alt" alt="Git-alt"></i></a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/luevano" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-github" alt="Github"></i></a></li>
<li><a href="https://gitlab.com/dluevano" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-gitlab" alt="Gitlab"></i></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><i class="fas fa-box-open" alt="Stuff"></i><span>Stuff</span>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://gb.luevano.xyz/"><i class="fas fa-gamepad" alt="Gameboy"></i><span>Gameboy</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
<button class="theme-switcher" onclick="toggleTheme()"><i class="fas fa-moon"></i><i class="fas fa-sun"></i></button>
</header>
<main>
<div class="return-top">
<button class="return-top" onclick="returnTop()" id="returnTopButton">
<i class="fas fa-arrow-up" alt="Return to top"></i>
</button>
</div>
<h1>Create a git server and setup cgit web app (on Nginx)</h1>
<p>My git server is all I need to setup to actually <em>kill</em> my other server (I’ve been moving from servers on these last 2-3 blog entries), that’s why I’m already doing this entry. I’m basically following <a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-on-the-Server-Setting-Up-the-Server">git’s guide on setting up a server</a> plus some specific stuff for <mark>btw i use</mark> Arch Linux (<a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Git_server#Web_interfaces">Arch Linux Wiki: Git server</a> and <a href="https://miracoin.wordpress.com/2014/11/25/step-by-step-guide-on-setting-up-git-server-in-arch-linux-pushable/">Step by step guide on setting up git server in arch linux (pushable)</a>).</p>
<p>Note that this is mostly for personal use, so there’s no user/authentication control other than that of normal <code>ssh</code>. And as with the other entries, most if not all commands here are run as root unless stated otherwise.</p>
<h2 id="table-of-contents">Table of contents<a class="headerlink" href="#table-of-contents" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
<div class="toc">
<ul>
<li><a href="#table-of-contents">Table of contents</a></li>
<li><a href="#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
<li><a href="#git">Git</a></li>
<li><a href="#cgit">Cgit</a><ul>
<li><a href="#cgits-file-rendering">Cgit’s file rendering</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2 id="prerequisites">Prerequisites<a class="headerlink" href="#prerequisites" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
<p>I might get tired of saying this (it’s just copy paste, basically)… but you will need the same prerequisites as before (check my <a href="https://blog.luevano.xyz/a/website_with_nginx.html">website</a> and <a href="https://blog.luevano.xyz/a/mail_server_with_postfix.html">mail</a> entries), with the extras:</p>
<ul>
<li>(Optional, if you want a “front-end”) A <strong>CNAME</strong> for “git” and (optionally) “www.git”, or some other name for your sub-domains.</li>
<li>An SSL certificate, if you’re following the other entries, add a <code>git.conf</code> and run <code>certbot --nginx</code> to extend the certificate.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="git">Git<a class="headerlink" href="#git" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
<p><a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/git">Git</a> is a version control system.</p>
<p>If not installed already, install the <code>git</code> package:</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">pacman -S git
</code></pre>
<p>On Arch Linux, when you install the <code>git</code> package, a <code>git</code> user is automatically created, so all you have to do is decide where you want to store the repositories, for me, I like them to be on <code>/home/git</code> like if <code>git</code> was a “normal” user. So, create the <code>git</code> folder (with corresponding permissions) under <code>/home</code> and set the <code>git</code> user’s home to <code>/home/git</code>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">mkdir /home/git
chown git:git /home/git
usermod -d /home/git git
</code></pre>
<p>Also, the <code>git</code> user is “expired” by default and will be locked (needs a password), change that with:</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">chage -E -1 git
passwd git
</code></pre>
<p>Give it a strong one and remember to use <code>PasswordAuthentication no</code> for <code>ssh</code> (as you should). Create the <code>.ssh/authorized_keys</code> for the <code>git</code> user and set the permissions accordingly:</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">mkdir /home/git/.ssh
chmod 700 /home/git/.ssh
touch /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 600 /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys
chown -R git:git /home/git
</code></pre>
<p>Now is a good idea to copy over your local SSH public keys to this file, to be able to push/pull to the repositories. Do it by either manually copying it or using <code>ssh</code>‘s built in <code>ssh-copy-id</code> (for that you may want to check your <code>ssh</code> configuration in case you don’t let people access your server with user/password).</p>
<p>Next, and almost finally, we need to edit the <code>git-daemon</code> service, located at <code>/usr/lib/systemd/system/</code> (called <code>git-daemon@.service</code>):</p>
<pre><code class="language-ini">...
ExecStart=-/usr/lib/git-core/git-daemon --inetd --export-all --base-path=/home/git --enable=receive-pack
...
</code></pre>
<p>I just appended <code>--enable=receive-pack</code> and note that I also changed the <code>--base-path</code> to reflect where I want to serve my repositories from (has to match what you set when changing <code>git</code> user’s home).</p>
<p>Now, go ahead and start and enable the <code>git-daemon</code> socket:</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">systemctl start git-daemon.socket
systemctl enable git-daemon.socket
</code></pre>
<p>You’re basically done. Now you should be able to push/pull repositories to your server… except, you haven’t created any repository in your server, that’s right, they’re not created automatically when trying to push. To do so, you have to run (while inside <code>/home/git</code>):</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">git init --bare {repo_name}.git
chown -R git:git {repo_name}.git
</code></pre>
<p><mark>Those two lines above will need to be run each time you want to add a new repository to your server</mark>. There are options to “automate” this but I like it this way.</p>
<p>After that you can already push/pull to your repository. I have my repositories (locally) set up so I can push to more than one remote at the same time (my server, GitHub, GitLab, etc.); to do so, check <a href="https://gist.github.com/rvl/c3f156e117e22a25f242">this gist</a>.</p>
<h2 id="cgit">Cgit<a class="headerlink" href="#cgit" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
<p><a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Cgit">Cgit</a> is a fast web interface for git.</p>
<p>This is optionally since it’s only for the web application.</p>
<p>Install the <code>cgit</code> and <code>fcgiwrap</code> packages:</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">pacman -S cgit fcgiwrap
</code></pre>
<p>Now, just start and enable the <code>fcgiwrap</code> socket:</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">systemctl start fcgiwrap.socket
systemctl enable fcgiwrap.socket
</code></pre>
<p>Next, create the <code>git.conf</code> as stated in my <a href="https://blog.luevano.xyz/a/website_with_nginx.html">nginx setup entry</a>. Add the following lines to your <code>git.conf</code> file:</p>
<pre><code class="language-nginx">server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
root /usr/share/webapps/cgit;
server_name {yoursubdomain}.{yourdomain};
try_files $uri @cgit;
location @cgit {
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root/cgit.cgi;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $uri;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $args;
fastcgi_param HTTP_HOST $server_name;
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/fcgiwrap.sock;
}
}
</code></pre>
<p>Where the <code>server_name</code> line depends on you, I have mine setup to <code>git.luevano.xyz</code> and <code>www.git.luevano.xyz</code>. Optionally run <code>certbot --nginx</code> to get a certificate for those domains if you don’t have already.</p>
<p>Now, all that’s left is to configure <code>cgit</code>. Create the configuration file <code>/etc/cgitrc</code> with the following content (my personal options, pretty much the default):</p>
<pre><code class="language-apache">css=/cgit.css
logo=/cgit.png
enable-http-clone=1
# robots=noindex, nofollow
virtual-root=/
repo.url={url}
repo.path={dir_path}
repo.owner={owner}
repo.desc={short_description}
...
</code></pre>
<p>Where you can uncomment the <code>robots</code> line to not let web crawlers (like Google’s) to index your <code>git</code> web app. And at the end keep all your repositories (the ones you want to make public), for example for my <a href="https://git.luevano.xyz/.dots"><em>dotfiles</em></a> I have:</p>
<pre><code class="language-apache">...
repo.url=.dots
repo.path=/home/git/.dots.git
repo.owner=luevano
repo.desc=These are my personal dotfiles.
...
</code></pre>
<p>Otherwise you could let <code>cgit</code> to automatically detect your repositories (you have to be careful if you want to keep “private” repos) using the option <code>scan-path</code> and setup <code>.git/description</code> for each repository. For more, you can check <a href="https://man.archlinux.org/man/cgitrc.5">cgitrc(5)</a>.</p>
<h3 id="cgits-file-rendering">Cgit’s file rendering<a class="headerlink" href="#cgits-file-rendering" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
<p>By default you can’t see the files on the site, you need a highlighter to render the files, I use <code>highlight</code>. Install the <code>highlight</code> package:</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">pacman -S highlight
</code></pre>
<p>Copy the <code>syntax-highlighting.sh</code> script to the corresponding location (basically adding <code>-edited</code> to the file):</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">cp /usr/lib/cgit/filters/syntax-highlighting.sh /usr/lib/cgit/filters/syntax-highlighting-edited.sh
</code></pre>
<p>And edit it to use the version 3 and add <code>--inline-css</code> for more options without editing <code>cgit</code>‘s CSS file:</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">...
# This is for version 2
# exec highlight --force -f -I -X -S "$EXTENSION" 2>/dev/null
# This is for version 3
exec highlight --force --inline-css -f -I -O xhtml -S "$EXTENSION" 2>/dev/null
...
</code></pre>
<p>Finally, enable the filter in <code>/etc/cgitrc</code> configuration:</p>
<pre><code class="language-apache">source-filter=/usr/lib/cgit/filters/syntax-highlighting-edited.sh
</code></pre>
<p>That would be everything. If you need support for more stuff like compressed snapshots or support for markdown, check the optional dependencies for <code>cgit</code>.</p>
<div class="page-nav">
<span class="next">
<a href="https://blog.luevano.xyz/a/new_blogging_system.html" alt="Next">
<i class="fas fa-arrow-left" alt="Arrow left"></i>
<span>Next</span>
</a>
</span>
<span class="index">
<a href="https://blog.luevano.xyz" alt="Index">
<i class="fas fa-home" alt="Home"></i>
<span>Index</span>
</a>
</span>
<span class="previous">
<a href="https://blog.luevano.xyz/a/mail_server_with_postfix.html" alt="Previous">
<i class="fas fa-arrow-right" alt="Arrow right"></i>
<span>Previous</span>
</a>
</span>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="article-info">
<p>By David Luévano</p>
<p>Created: Sun, Mar 21, 2021 @ 19:00 UTC</p>
<p>Modified: Fri, May 05, 2023 @ 08:35 UTC</p>
<div class="article-tags">
<p>Tags:
<a href="https://blog.luevano.xyz/tag/@code.html">code</a>, <a href="https://blog.luevano.xyz/tag/@english.html">english</a>, <a href="https://blog.luevano.xyz/tag/@server.html">server</a>, <a href="https://blog.luevano.xyz/tag/@tools.html">tools</a>, <a href="https://blog.luevano.xyz/tag/@tutorial.html">tutorial</a> </p>
</div>
</div>
</main>
<footer>
<span>
<i class="fas fa-address-card" alt="Contact"></i>
<a href="https://blog.luevano.xyz/contact.html">Contact</a>
</span>
<span>
<i class="fas fa-donate" alt="Donate"></i>
<a href="https://blog.luevano.xyz/donate.html">Donate</a>
</span>
<span>
<i class="fas fa-rss" alt="RSS"></i>
<a target="_blank" href="https://blog.luevano.xyz/rss.xml">RSS</a>
</span>
<br>
<span class="created-with">
<i class="fas fa-hammer" alt="Hammer"></i>
Created with <a href="https://github.com/luevano/pyssg">pyssg</a>
</span>
<br>
<span class="copyright">
Copyright <i class="far fa-copyright" alt="Copyright"></i> 2023 David Luévano Alvarado
</span>
</footer>
</body>
</html>
|
