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diff --git a/src/blog/g/flappybird_godot_devlog_1.md b/src/blog/g/flappybird_godot_devlog_1.md index 44a5f36..ad54393 100644 --- a/src/blog/g/flappybird_godot_devlog_1.md +++ b/src/blog/g/flappybird_godot_devlog_1.md @@ -4,9 +4,10 @@ lang: en summary: Since I'm starting to get more into gamedev stuff, I'll start blogging about it just to keep consistent. This shows as "devlog 1" just in case I want to include more parts for extra stuff. tags: gamedev godot + gdscript english -I just have a bit of experience with Godot and with gamedev in general, so I started with this game as it is pretty straight forward. On a high level the main characteristics of the game are: +I just have a bit of experience with *Godot* and with gamedev in general, so I started with this game as it is pretty straight forward. On a high level the main characteristics of the game are: - Literally just one sprite going up and down. - Constant horizontal move of the world/player. @@ -19,203 +20,208 @@ Not going to specify all the details, only the needed parts and what could be co One thing to note, is that I started writing this when I finished the game, so it's hard to go part by part, and it will be hard to test individual parts when going through this as everything is depending on each other. For the next devlog, I'll do it as I go and it will include all the changes to the nodes/scripts as I was finding them, probably better idea and easier to follow. -The source code can be found in my GitHub [here](https://github.com/luevano/flappybird_godot), it also contains the exported versions for HTML5, Windows and Linux (be aware that the sound might be too high and I'm too lazy to make it configurable, it was the last thing I added), or you could also go to the itch.io page I setup where it's playable in the browser: +The source code can be found in my GitHub [here](https://github.com/luevano/flappybird_godot), it also contains the exported versions for HTML5, Windows and Linux (be aware that the sound might be too high and I'm too lazy to make it configurable, it was the last thing I added), or you could also go to the [itch.io](https://lorentzeus.itch.io/flappybirdgodot) page I setup where it's playable in the browser: -<p style="text-align:center"><iframe src="https://itch.io/embed/1551015?dark=true" width="552" height="167" frameborder="0"><a href="https://lorentzeus.itch.io/flappybirdgodot">FlappyBirdGodot by Lorentzeus</a></iframe></p> +<p style="text-align:center"><iframe src="https://itch.io/embed/1551015?dark=true" width="208" height="167" frameborder="0"><a href="https://lorentzeus.itch.io/flappybirdgodot">FlappyBirdGodot by Lorentzeus</a></iframe></p> -## Initial project setup +# Table of contents -### Directory structure +[TOC] + +# Initial setup + +## Directory structure I'm basically going with what I wrote on [Godot project structure](https://blog.luevano.xyz/g/godot_project_structure.html) recently, and probably with minor changes depending on the situation. -### Config +## Config -#### Default import settings +### Default import settings Since this is just pixel art, the importing settings for textures needs to be adjusted so the sprites don't look blurry. Go to *Project -> Project settings... -> Import defaults* and on the drop down select `Texture`, untick everything and make sure *Compress/Mode* is set to `Lossless`. - + -#### General settings +### General settings It's also a good idea to setup some config variables project-wide. To do so, go to *Project -> Project settings... -> General*, select *Application/config* and add a new property (there is a text box at the top of the project settings window) for game scale: `application/config/game_scale` for the type use `float` and then click on add; configure the new property to `3.0`; On the same window, also add `application/config/version` as a `string`, and make it `1.0.0` (or whatever number you want). - + -For my personal preferences, also disable some of the *GDScript* debug warnings that are annoying, this is done at *Project -> Project settings... -> General*, select *Debug/GDScript* and toggle off "Unused arguments", "Unused signal" and "Return value discarded", and any other that might come up too often and don't want to see. +For my personal preferences, also disable some of the *GDScript* debug warnings that are annoying, this is done at *Project -> Project settings... -> General*, select *Debug/GDScript* and toggle off `Unused arguments`, `Unused signal` and `Return value discarded`, and any other that might come up too often and don't want to see. - + -Finally, set the initial window size in *Project -> Project settings... -> General*, select *Display/Window* and set *Size/Width* and *Size/Height* to `600` and `800`, respectively. As well as the *Stretch/Mode* to "viewport", and *Stretch/Aspect* to "keep": +Finally, set the initial window size in *Project -> Project settings... -> General*, select *Display/Window* and set *Size/Width* and *Size/Height* to `600` and `800`, respectively. As well as the *Stretch/Mode* to `viewport` , and *Stretch/Aspect* to `keep`: - + -#### Keybindings +### Keybindings -I only used 3 actions (keybindings): jump, restart and toggle_debug (optional). To add custom keybindings (so that the `Input.something()` API can be used), go to *Project -> Project settings... -> Input Map* and on the text box write "jump" and click add, then it will be added to the list and it's just a matter of clicking the `+` sign to add a "Physical key", press any key you want to be used to jump and click ok. Do the same for the rest of the actions. +I only used 3 actions (keybindings): jump, restart and toggle_debug (optional). To add custom keybindings (so that the `Input.something()` API can be used), go to *Project -> Project settings... -> Input Map* and on the text box write `jump` and click add, then it will be added to the list and it's just a matter of clicking the `+` sign to add a *Physical key*, press any key you want to be used to jump and click ok. Do the same for the rest of the actions. - + -#### Layers +### Layers -Finally, rename the physics layers so we don't lose track of which layer is which. Go to *Project -> Layer Names -> 2d Physics* and change the first 5 layer names to (in order): "player", "ground", "pipe", "ceiling" and "score". +Finally, rename the physics layers so we don't lose track of which layer is which. Go to *Project -> Layer Names -> 2d Physics* and change the first 5 layer names to (in order): `player`, `ground`, `pipe`, `ceiling` and `score`. - + -## Assets +# Assets For the assets I found out about a pack that contains just what I need: [flappy-bird-assets](https://megacrash.itch.io/flappy-bird-assets) by [MegaCrash](https://megacrash.itch.io/); I just did some minor modifications on the naming of the files. For the font I used [Silver](https://poppyworks.itch.io/silver), and for the sound the resources from [FlappyBird-N64](https://github.com/meeq/FlappyBird-N64) (which seems to be taken from [101soundboards.com](https://www.101soundboards.com/boards/10178-flappy-bird-sounds) which the orignal copyright holder is [.Gears](https://dotgears.com/) anyways). -### Importing +## Importing -Create the necessary directories to hold the respective assets and it's just a matter of dragging and dropping, I used directories: `res://entities/actors/player/sprites/`, `res://fonts/`, `res://levels/world/background/sprites/`, `res://levels/world/ground/sprites/`, `res://levels/world/pipe/sprites/`, `res://sfx/`. For the player sprites, the "FileSystem" window looks like this (`entities/actor` directories are really not necessary): +Create the necessary directories to hold the respective assets and it's just a matter of dragging and dropping, I used directories: `res://entities/actors/player/sprites/`, `res://fonts/`, `res://levels/world/background/sprites/`, `res://levels/world/ground/sprites/`, `res://levels/world/pipe/sprites/`, `res://sfx/`. For the player sprites, the +*FileSystem* window looks like this (`entities/actor` directories are really not necessary): - + It should look similar for other directories, except maybe for the file extensions. For example, for the sfx: - + -## Scenes +# Scenes Now it's time to actually create the game, by creating the basic scenes that will make up the game. The hardest part and the most confusing is going to be the *TileMaps*, so that goes first. -### TileMaps +## TileMaps -I'm using a scene called "WorldTiles" with a *Node2D* node as root called the same. With 2 different *TileMap* nodes as children named "GroundTileMap" and "PipeTileMap" (these are their own scene); yes 2 different *TileMaps* because we need 2 different physics colliders (In Godot 4.0 you can have a single *TileMap* with different physics colliders in it). Each node has its own script. It should look something like this: +I'm using a scene called `WorldTiles` with a *Node2D* node as root called the same. With 2 different *TileMap* nodes as children named `GroundTileMap` and `PipeTileMap` (these are their own scene); yes 2 different *TileMaps* because we need 2 different physics colliders (in *Godot 4.0* you can have a single *TileMap* with different physics colliders in it). Each node has its own script. It should look something like this: - + I used the following directory structure: - + -To configure the GroundTileMap, select the node and click on "(empty)" on the *TileMap/Tile set* property and then click on "New TileSet", then click where the "(empty)" used to be, a new window should open on the bottom: +To configure the `GroundTileMap`, select the node and click on `(empty)` on the *TileMap/Tile set* property and then click on `New TileSet`, then click where the `(empty)` used to be, a new window should open on the bottom: - + -Click on the plus on the bottom left and you can now select the specific tile set to use. Now click on the yellow "+ New Single Tile", activate the grid and select any of the tiles. Should look like this: +Click on the plus on the bottom left and you can now select the specific tile set to use. Now click on the yellow `+ New Single Tile`, activate the grid and select any of the tiles. Should look like this: - + -We need to do this because for some reason we can't change the snap options before selecting a tile. After selecting a random tile, set up the *Snap Options/Step* (in the *Inspector*) and set it to 16x16 (or if using a different tile set, to it's tile size): +We need to do this because for some reason we can't change the snap options before selecting a tile. After selecting a random tile, set up the *Snap Options/Step* (in the *Inspector*) and set it to `16x16` (or if using a different tile set, to it's tile size): - + -Now you can select the actual single tile. Once selected click on "Collision", use the rectangle tool and draw the rectangle corresponding to that tile's collision: +Now you can select the actual single tile. Once selected click on `Collision`, use the rectangle tool and draw the rectangle corresponding to that tile's collision: - + Do the same for the other 3 tiles. If you select the *TileMap* itself again, it should look like this on the right (on default layout it's on the left of the *Inspector*): - + The ordering is important only for the "underground tile", which is the filler ground, it should be at the end (index 3); if this is not the case, repeat the process (it's possible to rearrange them but it's hard to explain as it's pretty weird). -At this point the tilemap doesn't have any physics and the cell size is wrong. Select the "GroundTileMap", set the *TileMap/Cell/Size* to 16x16, the *TileMap/Collision/Layer* set to `bit 2` only (ground layer) and disable any *TileMap/Collision/Mask* bits. Should look something like this: +At this point the tilemap doesn't have any physics and the cell size is wrong. Select the `GroundTileMap`, set the *TileMap/Cell/Size* to `16x16`, the *TileMap/Collision/Layer* set to `bit 2` only (ground layer) and disable any *TileMap/Collision/Mask* bits. Should look something like this: - + -Now it's just a matter of repeating the same for the pipes ("PipeTileMap"), only difference is that when selecting the tiles you need to select 2 tiles, as the pipe is 2 tiles wide, or just set the *Snap Options/Step* to 32x16, for example, just keep the cell size to 16x16. +Now it's just a matter of repeating the same for the pipes (`PipeTileMap`), only difference is that when selecting the tiles you need to select 2 tiles, as the pipe is 2 tiles wide, or just set the *Snap Options/Step* to `32x16`, for example, just keep the cell size to `16x16`. -#### Default ground tiles +### Default ground tiles -I added few default ground tiles to the scene, just for testing purposes but I left them there. These could be place programatically, but I was too lazy to change things. On the "WorldTiles" scene, while selecting the "GroundTileMap", you can select the tiles you want to paint with, and left click in the grid to paint with the selected tile. Need to place tiles from `(-8, 7)` to `(10, 7)` as well as the tile below with the filler ground (the tile position/coordinates show at the bottom left, refer to the image below): +I added few default ground tiles to the scene, just for testing purposes but I left them there. These could be place programatically, but I was too lazy to change things. On the `WorldTiles` scene, while selecting the `GroundTileMap`, you can select the tiles you want to paint with, and left click in the grid to paint with the selected tile. Need to place tiles from `(-8, 7)` to `(10, 7)` as well as the tile below with the filler ground (the tile position/coordinates show at the bottom left, refer to the image below): - + -### Player +## Player -On a new scene called "Player" with a *KinematicBody2D* node named "Player" as the root of the scene, then for the children: *AnimatedSprite* as "Sprite", *CollisionShape2D* as "Collision" (with a circle shape) and 3 *AudioStreamPlayers* for "JumpSound", "DeadSound" and "HitSound". Not sure if it's a good practice to have the audio here, since I did that at the end, pretty lazy. Then, attach a script to the "Player" node and then it should look like this: +On a new scene called `Player` with a *KinematicBody2D* node named `Player` as the root of the scene, then for the children: *AnimatedSprite* as `Sprite`, *CollisionShape2D* as `Collision` (with a circle shape) and 3 *AudioStreamPlayers* for `JumpSound`, `DeadSound` and `HitSound`. Not sure if it's a good practice to have the audio here, since I did that at the end, pretty lazy. Then, attach a script to the `Player` node and then it should look like this: - + -Select the "Player" node and set the *CollisionShape2D/Collision/Layer* to 1 and the *CollisionObject2D/Collision/Mask* to 2 and 3 (ground and pipe). +Select the `Player` node and set the *CollisionShape2D/Collision/Layer* to `1` and the *CollisionObject2D/Collision/Mask* to `2` and `3` (ground and pipe). -For the "Sprite" node, when selecting it click on the "(empty)" for the *AnimatedSprite/Frames* property and click "New SpriteFrames", click again where the "(empty)" used to be and ane window should open on the bottom: +For the `Sprite` node, when selecting it click on the `(empty)` for the *AnimatedSprite/Frames* property and click `New SpriteFrames`, click again where the `(empty)` used to be and ane window should open on the bottom: - + -Right off the bat, set the "Speed" to `10 FPS` (bottom left) and rename "default" to "bird_1". With the "bird_1" selected, click on the "Add frames from a Sprite Sheet", which is the second button under "Animation Frames:" which looks has an icon of a small grid (next to the folder icon), a new window will popup where you need to select the respective sprite sheet to use and configure it for importing. On the "Select Frames" window, change the "Vertical" to 1, and then select all 4 frames (*Ctrl + Scroll* wheel to zoom in): +Right off the bat, set the `Speed` to `10 FPS` (bottom left) and rename `default` to `bird_1`. With the `bird_1` selected, click on the `Add frames from a Sprite Sheet`, which is the second button under `Animation Frames:` which looks has an icon of a small grid (next to the folder icon), a new window will popup where you need to select the respective sprite sheet to use and configure it for importing. On the `Select Frames` window, change the `Vertical` to `1`, and then select all 4 frames (*Ctrl + Scroll* wheel to zoom in): - + After that, the *SpriteFrames* window should look like this: - + -Finally, make sure the "Sprite" node has the *AnimatedSprite/Animation* is set to "bird_1" and that the "Collision" node is configured correctly for its size and position (I just have it as a radius of 7). As well as dropping the SFX files into the corresponding *AudioStreamPlayer* (into the *AudioStreamPlayer/Stream* property). +Finally, make sure the `Sprite` node has the *AnimatedSprite/Animation* is set to `bird_1` and that the `Collision` node is configured correctly for its size and position (I just have it as a radius of `7`). As well as dropping the SFX files into the corresponding *AudioStreamPlayer* (into the *AudioStreamPlayer/Stream* property). -### Other +## Other These are really simple scenes that don't require much setup: -- "CeilingDetector": just an *Area2D* node with a *CollisionShape2D* in the form of a rectangle (*CollisionShape2D/Shape/extents* to `(120, 10)`), stretched horizontally so it fits the whole screen. *CollisionObject2D/Collision/Layer* set to `bit 4` (ceiling) and *CollisionObject2D/Collision/Mask* set to bit 1 (player). -- "ScoreDetector": similar to the "CeilingDetector", but vertical (*CollisionShape2D/Shape/extents* to `(2.5, 128)`) and *CollisionObject2D/Collision/Layer* set to `bit 1` (player). -- "WorldDetector": *Node2D* with a script attached, and 3 *RayCast2D* as children: - - "NewTile": *Raycast2D/Enabled* to true (checked), *Raycast2D/Cast To* `(0, 400)`, *Raycast2D/Collision Mask* to `bit 2` (ground) and *Node2D/Transform/Position* to `(152, -200)` - - "OldTile": same as "NewTile", except for the *Node2D/Transform/Position*, set it to `(-152, -200)`. - - "OldPipe": same as "OldTile", except for the *Raycast2D/Collision Mask*, set it to `bit 3` (pipe). +- `CeilingDetector`: just an *Area2D* node with a *CollisionShape2D* in the form of a rectangle (*CollisionShape2D/Shape/extents* to `(120, 10)`), stretched horizontally so it fits the whole screen. *CollisionObject2D/Collision/Layer* set to `bit 4` (ceiling) and *CollisionObject2D/Collision/Mask* set to `bit 1` (player). +- `ScoreDetector`: similar to the `CeilingDetector`, but vertical (*CollisionShape2D/Shape/extents* to `(2.5, 128)`) and *CollisionObject2D/Collision/Layer* set to `bit 1` (player). +- `WorldDetector`: *Node2D* with a script attached, and 3 *RayCast2D* as children: + - `NewTile`: *Raycast2D/Enabled* to true (checked), *Raycast2D/Cast To* `(0, 400)`, *Raycast2D/Collision Mask* to `bit 2` (ground) and *Node2D/Transform/Position* to `(152, -200)` + - `OldTile`: same as "NewTile", except for the *Node2D/Transform/Position*, set it to `(-152, -200)`. + - `OldPipe`: same as "OldTile", except for the *Raycast2D/Collision Mask*, set it to `bit 3` (pipe). -### Game +## Game -This is the actual "Game" scene that holds all the playable stuff, here we will drop in all the previous scenes; the root node is a *Node2D* and also has an attached script. Also need to add 2 additional *AudioStreamPlayers* for the "start" and "score" sounds, as well as a *Sprite* for the background (*Sprite/Offset/Offset* set to `(0, 10)`) and a *Camera2D* (*Camera2D/Current* set to true (checked)). It should look something like this: +This is the actual `Game` scene that holds all the playable stuff, here we will drop in all the previous scenes; the root node is a *Node2D* and also has an attached script. Also need to add 2 additional *AudioStreamPlayers* for the "start" and "score" sounds, as well as a *Sprite* for the background (*Sprite/Offset/Offset* set to `(0, 10)`) and a *Camera2D* (*Camera2D/Current* set to true (checked)). It should look something like this: - + The scene viewport should look something like the following: - + -### UI +## UI -#### Fonts +### Fonts -We need some font "Resources" to style the *Label* fonts. Under the *FileSystem* window, right click on the fonts directory (create one if needed) and click on "New Resource..." and select *DynamicFontData*, save it in the "fonts" directory as "SilverDynamicFontData.tres" ("Silver" as it is the font I'm using) then double click the just created resource and set the *DynamicFontData/Font Path* to the actual "Silver.ttf" font (or whatever you want). +We need some font `Resources` to style the *Label* fonts. Under the *FileSystem* window, right click on the fonts directory (create one if needed) and click on `New Resource...` and select *DynamicFontData*, save it in the "fonts" directory as `SilverDynamicFontData.tres` (`Silver` as it is the font I'm using) then double click the just created resource and set the *DynamicFontData/Font Path* to the actual `Silver.ttf` font (or whatever you want). -Then create a new resource and this time select *DynamicFont*, name it "SilverDynamicFont.tres", then double click to edit and add the "SilverDynamicFontData.tres" to the *DynamicFont/Font/Font Data* property (and I personally toggled off the *DynamicFont/Font/Antialiased* property), now just set the *DynamicFont/Settings/(Size, Outline Size, Outline Color)* to 32, 1 and black, respectively (or any other values you want). It should look something like this: +Then create a new resource and this time select *DynamicFont*, name it `SilverDynamicFont.tres`, then double click to edit and add the `SilverDynamicFontData.tres` to the *DynamicFont/Font/Font Data* property (and I personally toggled off the *DynamicFont/Font/Antialiased* property), now just set the *DynamicFont/Settings/(Size, Outline Size, Outline Color)* to `32`, `1` and `black`, respectively (or any other values you want). It should look something like this: - + -Do the same for another *DynamicFont* which will be used for the score label, named "SilverScoreDynamicFont.tres". Only changes are *Dynamic/Settings/(Size, Outline Size)* which are set to 128 and 2, respectively. The final files for the fonts should look something like this: +Do the same for another *DynamicFont* which will be used for the score label, named `SilverScoreDynamicFont.tres`. Only changes are *Dynamic/Settings/(Size, Outline Size)* which are set to `128` and `2`, respectively. The final files for the fonts should look something like this: - + -#### Scene setup +### Scene setup -This has a bunch of nested nodes, so I'll try to be concise here. The root node is a *CanvasLayer* named "UI" with its own script attached, and for the children: +This has a bunch of nested nodes, so I'll try to be concise here. The root node is a *CanvasLayer* named `UI` with its own script attached, and for the children: -- "MarginContainer": *MarginContainer* with *Control/Margin/(Left, Top)* set to `10` and *Control/Margin/(Right, Bottom)* set to `-10`. - - "InfoContainer": *VBoxContainer* with *Control/Theme Overrides/Constants/Separation* set to `250`. - - "ScoreContainer": *VBoxContainer*. - - "Score": *Label* with *Label/Align* set to "Center", *Control/Theme Overrides/Fonts/Font* to the "SilverScoreDynamicFont.tres", if needed adjust the *DynamicFont* settings. - - "HighScore: same as "Score", escept for the *Control/Theme Overrides/Fonts/Font* which is set to "SilverDynamicFont.tres". - - "StartGame": Same as "HighScore". - - "DebugContainer": *VBoxContainer*. - - "FPS": *Label*. - - "VersionContainer": *VBoxContainer* with *BoxContainer/Alignment* set to "Begin". - - "Version": *Label* with *Label/Align* set to "Right". +- `MarginContainer`: *MarginContainer* with *Control/Margin/(Left, Top)* set to `10` and *Control/Margin/(Right, Bottom)* set to `-10`. + - `InfoContainer`: *VBoxContainer* with *Control/Theme Overrides/Constants/Separation* set to `250`. + - `ScoreContainer`: *VBoxContainer*. + - `Score`: *Label* with *Label/Align* set to `Center`, *Control/Theme Overrides/Fonts/Font* to the `SilverScoreDynamicFont.tres`, if needed adjust the *DynamicFont* settings. + - `HighScore`: same as `Score`, escept for the *Control/Theme Overrides/Fonts/Font* which is set to `SilverDynamicFont.tres`. + - `StartGame`: Same as `HighScore`. + - `DebugContainer`: *VBoxContainer*. + - `FPS`: *Label*. + - `VersionContainer`: *VBoxContainer* with *BoxContainer/Alignment* set to `Begin`. + - `Version`: *Label* with *Label/Align* set to `Right`. The scene ends up looking like this: - + -### Main +## Main -This is the final scene where we connect the Game and the UI. It's made of a *Node2D* with it's own script attached and an instance of "Game" and "UI" as it's children. +This is the final scene where we connect the `Game` and the `UI`. It's made of a *Node2D* with it's own script attached and an instance of `Game` and `UI` as it's children. -This is a good time to set the default scene when we run the game by going to *Project -> Project settings... -> General* and in *Application/Run* set the *Main Scene* to the "Main.tscn" scene. +This is a good time to set the default scene when we run the game by going to *Project -> Project settings... -> General* and in *Application/Run* set the *Main Scene* to the `Main.tscn` scene. -## Scripting +# Scripting I'm going to keep this scripting part to the most basic code blocks, as it's too much code, for a complete view you can head to the [source code](https://github.com/luevano/flappybird_godot). As of now, the game itself doesn't do anything if we hit play. The first thing to do so we have something going on is to do the minimal player scripting. -### Player +## Player -The most basic code needed so the bird goes up and down is to just detect "jump" key presses and add a negative jump velocity so it goes up (`y` coordinate is reversed in godot...), we also check the velocity sign of the `y` coordinate to decide if the animation is playing or not. +The most basic code needed so the bird goes up and down is to just detect `jump` key presses and add a negative jump velocity so it goes up (`y` coordinate is reversed in godot...), we also check the velocity sign of the `y` coordinate to decide if the animation is playing or not. ```gdscript class_name Player @@ -275,7 +281,7 @@ func _emit_player_died() -> void: Finally need to add the actual checks for when the player dies (like collision with ground or pipe) as well as a function that listens to a signal for when the player goes to the ceiling. -### WorldDetector +## WorldDetector The code is pretty simple, we just need a way of detecting if we ran out of ground and send a signal, as well as sending as signal when we start detecting ground/pipes behind us (to remove it) because the world is being generated as we move. The most basic functions needed are: @@ -299,9 +305,9 @@ func _now_colliding(detector: RayCast2D, flag: bool, signal_name: String) -> boo We need to keep track of 3 "flags": `ground_was_colliding`, `ground_now_colliding` and `pipe_now_colliding` (and their respective signals), which are going to be used to do the checks inside `_physics_process`. For example for checking for new ground: `ground_now_colliding = _now_colliding(old_ground, ground_now_colliding, "ground_started_colliding")`. -### WorldTiles +## WorldTiles -This script is what handles the "GroundTileMap" as well as the "PipeTileMap" and just basically functions as a "Signal bus" connecting a bunch of signals from the "WorldDetector" with the *TileMaps* and just tracking how many pipes have been placed: +This script is what handles the `GroundTileMap` as well as the `PipeTileMap` and just basically functions as a "Signal bus" connecting a bunch of signals from the `WorldDetector` with the *TileMaps* and just tracking how many pipes have been placed: ```gdscript export(int, 2, 20, 2) var PIPE_SEP: int = 6 @@ -325,7 +331,7 @@ func _on_WorldDetector_pipe_started_colliding() -> void: emit_signal("remove_pipe") ``` -#### GroundTileMap +### GroundTileMap This is the node that actually places the ground tiles upong receiving a signal. In general, what you want is to keep track of the newest tile that you need to place (empty spot) as well as the last tile that is in the tilemap (technically the first one if you count from left to right). I was experimenting with `enum`s so I used them to define the possible `Ground` tiles: @@ -364,11 +370,11 @@ func _remove_first_ground() -> void: Where you might notice that the `_initial_new_tile_x` is `11`, instead of `10`, refer to [Default ground tiles](#default-ground-tiles) where we placed tiles from `-8` to `10`, so the next empty one is `11`. These `_place_new_ground` and `_remove_first_ground` functions are called upon receiving the signal. -#### PipeTileMap +### PipeTileMap -This is really similar to the "GroundTileMap" code, instead of defining an `enum` for the ground tiles, we define it for the pipe patterns (because each pipe is composed of multiple pipe tiles). If your pipe tile set looks like this (notice the index): +This is really similar to the `GroundTileMap` code, instead of defining an `enum` for the ground tiles, we define it for the pipe patterns (because each pipe is composed of multiple pipe tiles). If your pipe tile set looks like this (notice the index): - + Then you can use the following "pipe patterns": @@ -383,7 +389,7 @@ var pipe: Dictionary = { } ``` -Now, the pipe system requires a bit more of tracking as we need to instantiate a "ScoreDetector" here, too. I ended up keeping track of the placed pipes/detectors by using a "pipe stack" (and "detector stack") which is just an array of placed objects from which I pop the first when deleting them: +Now, the pipe system requires a bit more of tracking as we need to instantiate a `ScoreDetector` here, too. I ended up keeping track of the placed pipes/detectors by using a "pipe stack" (and "detector stack") which is just an array of placed objects from which I pop the first when deleting them: ```gdscript onready var _pipe_sep: int = get_parent().PIPE_SEP @@ -402,7 +408,7 @@ var detector_offset: Vector2 = Vector2(16.0, -(_pipe_size / 2.0) * 16.0) var detector_stack: Array ``` -The `detector_offset` is just me being picky. For placing a new pipe, we get the starting position (bottom pipe tile) and build upwards, then instantiate a new "ScoreDetector" (`detector_scene`) and set it's position to the pipe starting position plus the offset, so it's centered in the pipe, then just need to connect the "body_entered" signal from the detector with the game, so we keep track of the scoring. Finally just add the placed pipe and detector to their corresponding stacks: +The `detector_offset` is just me being picky. For placing a new pipe, we get the starting position (bottom pipe tile) and build upwards, then instantiate a new `ScoreDetector` (`detector_scene`) and set it's position to the pipe starting position plus the offset, so it's centered in the pipe, then just need to connect the `body_entered` signal from the detector with the game, so we keep track of the scoring. Finally just add the placed pipe and detector to their corresponding stacks: ```gdscript func _place_new_pipe() -> void: @@ -439,9 +445,9 @@ func _remove_old_pipe() -> void: These functions are called when receiving the signal to place/remove pipes. -### Saved data +## Saved data -Before proceeding, we require a way to save/load data (for the high scores). We're going to use the *ConfigFile* node that uses a custom version of the "ini" file format. Need to define where to save the data: +Before proceeding, we require a way to save/load data (for the high scores). We're going to use the *ConfigFile* node that uses a custom version of the `ini` file format. Need to define where to save the data: ```gdscript const DATA_PATH: String = "user://data.cfg" @@ -496,11 +502,11 @@ func _ready() -> void: save_data() ``` -Now, this script in particular will need to be a [Singleton (AutoLoad)](https://docs.godotengine.org/en/stable/tutorials/scripting/singletons_autoload.html), which means that there will be only one instance and will be available across all scripts. To do so, go to *Project -> Project settings... -> AutoLoad* and select this script in the "Path:" and add a "Node Name:" (I used "SavedData", if you use something else, be careful while following this devlog) which will be the name we'll use to access the singleton. Toggle on "Enable" if needed, it should look like this: +Now, this script in particular will need to be a [Singleton (AutoLoad)](https://docs.godotengine.org/en/stable/tutorials/scripting/singletons_autoload.html), which means that there will be only one instance and will be available across all scripts. To do so, go to *Project -> Project settings... -> AutoLoad* and select this script in the `Path:` and add a `Node Name:` (I used `SavedData`, if you use something else, be careful while following this devlog) which will be the name we'll use to access the singleton. Toggle on `Enable` if needed, it should look like this: - + -### Game +## Game The game script it's also like a "Signal bus" in the sense that it connects all its childs' signals together, and also has the job of starting/stopping the `_process` and `_physics_process` methods from the childs as needed. First, we need to define the signals and and references to all child nodes: @@ -519,7 +525,7 @@ onready var start_sound: AudioStreamPlayer = $StartSound onready var score_sound: AudioStreamPlayer = $ScoreSound ``` -It's important to get the actual "player speed", as we're using a scale to make the game look bigger (remember, pixel art), to do so we need a reference to the "game_scale" we setup at the beginning and compute the `player_speed`: +It's important to get the actual "player speed", as we're using a scale to make the game look bigger (remember, pixel art), to do so we need a reference to the `game_scale` we setup at the beginning and compute the `player_speed`: ```gdscript var _game_scale: float = ProjectSettings.get_setting("application/config/game_scale") @@ -532,7 +538,7 @@ func _ready() -> void: player_speed = player.SPEED / _game_scale ``` -This `player_speed` will be needed as we need to move all the nodes ("Background", "Camera", etc.) in the `x` axis as the player is moving. This is done in the `_physics_process`: +This `player_speed` will be needed as we need to move all the nodes (`Background`, `Camera`, etc.) in the `x` axis as the player is moving. This is done in the `_physics_process`: ```gdscript func _physics_process(delta: float) -> void: @@ -589,9 +595,9 @@ func _on_ScoreDetector_body_entered(body: Node2D) -> void: score_sound.play() ``` -When the `player` dies, we set all processing to `false`, except for the player itself (so it can drop all the way to the ground). Also, when receiving a "scoring" signal, we manage the current score, as well as saving the new high score when applicable, note that we need to read the `high_score` at the beginning by calling `SavedData.get_high_score()`. This signal we emit will be received by the UI so it updates accordingly. +When the `player` dies, we set all processing to `false`, except for the player itself (so it can drop all the way to the ground). Also, when receiving a "scoring" signal, we manage the current score, as well as saving the new high score when applicable, note that we need to read the `high_score` at the beginning by calling `SavedData.get_high_score()`. This signal we emit will be received by the `UI` so it updates accordingly. -### UI +## UI First thing is to get a reference to all the child *Labels*, an initial reference to the high score as well as the version defined in the project settings: @@ -648,9 +654,9 @@ func _on_Game_new_score(score: int, high_score: int) -> void: high_score_label.set_text("High score: %s" % high_score) ``` -### Main +## Main -This is the shortest script, it just connects the signals between the "Game" and the "UI": +This is the shortest script, it just connects the signals between the `Game` and the `UI`: ```gdscript onready var game: Game = $Game @@ -665,20 +671,20 @@ func _ready() -> void: game.connect("new_score", ui, "_on_Game_new_score") ``` -## Final notes and exporting +# Final notes and exporting At this point the game should be fully playable (if any detail missing feel free to look into the source code linked at the beginning). Only thing missing is an icon for the game; I did one pretty quicly with the assets I had. -### Preparing the files +## Preparing the files If you followed the directory structure I used, then only thing needed is to transform the icon to a native Windows `ico` format (if exporting to Windows, else ignore this part). For this you need [ImageMagick](https://imagemagick.org/index.php) or some other program that can transform `png` (or whatever file format you used for the icon) to `ico`. I used [Chocolatey][https://chocolatey.org/] to install `imagemagick`, then to convert the icon itself used: `magick convert icon.png -define icon:auto-resize=256,128,64,48,32,16 icon.ico` as detailed in *Godot*'s [Changing application icon for Windows](https://docs.godotengine.org/en/stable/tutorials/export/changing_application_icon_for_windows.html). -### Exporting +## Exporting -You need to download the templates for exporting as detailed in *Godot*'s [Exporting projects](https://docs.godotengine.org/en/stable/tutorials/export/exporting_projects.html). Basically you go to *Editor -> Manage Export Templates...* and download the latest one specific to your *Godot* version by clicking on "Download and Install". +You need to download the templates for exporting as detailed in *Godot*'s [Exporting projects](https://docs.godotengine.org/en/stable/tutorials/export/exporting_projects.html). Basically you go to *Editor -> Manage Export Templates...* and download the latest one specific to your *Godot* version by clicking on `Download and Install`. If exporting for Windows then you also need to download `rcedit` from [here](https://github.com/electron/rcedit/releases/latest). Just place it wherever you want (I put it next to the *Godot* executable). -Then go to *Project -> Export...* and the Window should be empty, add a new template by clicking on "Add..." at the top and then select the template you want. I used HTML5, Windows Desktop and Linux/X11. Really the only thing you need to set is the "Export Path" for each template, which is te location of where the executable will be written to, and in the case of the Windows Desktop template you could also setup stuff like "Company Name", "Product Name", "File/Product Version", etc.. +Then go to *Project -> Export...* and the Window should be empty, add a new template by clicking on `Add...` at the top and then select the template you want. I used HTML5, Windows Desktop and Linux/X11. Really the only thing you need to set is the "Export Path" for each template, which is te location of where the executable will be written to, and in the case of the *Windows Desktop* template you could also setup stuff like `Company Name`, `Product Name`, `File/Product Version`, etc.. -Once the templates are setup, select any and click on "Export Project" at the bottom, and make sure to untoggle "Export With Debug" in the window that pops up, this checkbox should be at the bottom of the new window. +Once the templates are setup, select any and click on `Export Project` at the bottom, and make sure to untoggle `Export With Debug` in the window that pops up, this checkbox should be at the bottom of the new window. |