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authorDavid Luevano Alvarado <david@luevano.xyz>2022-12-16 17:45:03 -0600
committerDavid Luevano Alvarado <david@luevano.xyz>2022-12-16 17:45:03 -0600
commit7e49db5ddefe8c515b5f3931a5c701efaac33d91 (patch)
treed7d1efda44837a466fe079266efda90021812399 /blog/dst/a/git_server_with_cgit.html
parent3112a76dac594fe715b59e53c399b0dec5b53193 (diff)
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- <h1>Create a git server and setup cgit web app (on Nginx)</h1>
-
- <p>My git server is all I need to setup to actually <em>kill</em> my other server (I&rsquo;ve been moving from servers on these last 2-3 blog entries), that&rsquo;s why I&rsquo;m already doing this entry. I&rsquo;m basically following <a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-on-the-Server-Setting-Up-the-Server">git&rsquo;s guide on setting up a server</a> plus some specific stuff for (btw i use) Arch Linux (<a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Git_server#Web_interfaces">Arch Linux Wiki: Git server</a> and <a href="https://miracoin.wordpress.com/2014/11/25/step-by-step-guide-on-setting-up-git-server-in-arch-linux-pushable/">Step by step guide on setting up git server in arch linux (pushable)</a>).</p>
-<p>Note that this is mostly for personal use, so there&rsquo;s no user/authentication control other than that of SSH. Also, most if not all commands here are run as root.</p>
-<h2 id="prerequisites">Prerequisites</h2>
-<p>I might get tired of saying this (it&rsquo;s just copy paste, basically)&hellip; but you will need the same prerequisites as before (check my <a href="https://blog.luevano.xyz/a/website_with_nginx.html">website</a> and <a href="https://blog.luevano.xyz/a/mail_server_with_postfix.html">mail</a> entries), with the extras:</p>
-<ul>
-<li>(Optional, if you want a &ldquo;front-end&rdquo;) A <strong>CNAME</strong> for &ldquo;git&rdquo; and (optionally) &ldquo;www.git&rdquo;, or some other name for your sub-domains.</li>
-<li>An SSL certificate, if you&rsquo;re following the other entries, add a <code>git.conf</code> and run <code>certbot --nginx</code> to extend the certificate.</li>
-</ul>
-<h2 id="git">Git</h2>
-<p><a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/git">Git</a> is a version control system.</p>
-<p>If not installed already, install the <code>git</code> package:</p>
-<pre><code class="language-sh">pacman -S git
-</code></pre>
-<p>On Arch Linux, when you install the <code>git</code> package, a <code>git</code> user is automatically created, so all you have to do is decide where you want to store the repositories, for me, I like them to be on <code>/home/git</code> like if <code>git</code> was a &ldquo;normal&rdquo; user. So, create the <code>git</code> folder (with corresponding permissions) under <code>/home</code> and set the <code>git</code> user&rsquo;s home to <code>/home/git</code>:</p>
-<pre><code class="language-sh">mkdir /home/git
-chown git:git /home/git
-usermod -d /home/git git
-</code></pre>
-<p>Also, the <code>git</code> user is &ldquo;expired&rdquo; by default and will be locked (needs a password), change that with:</p>
-<pre><code class="language-sh">chage -E -1 git
-passwd git
-</code></pre>
-<p>Give it a strong one and remember to use <code>PasswordAuthentication no</code> for <code>ssh</code> (as you should). Create the <code>.ssh/authorized_keys</code> for the <code>git</code> user and set the permissions accordingly:</p>
-<pre><code class="language-sh">mkdir /home/git/.ssh
-chmod 700 /home/git/.ssh
-touch /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys
-chmod 600 /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys
-chown -R git:git /home/git
-</code></pre>
-<p>Now is a good idea to copy over your local SSH public keys to this file, to be able to push/pull to the repositories. Do it by either manually copying it or using <code>ssh</code>&lsquo;s built in <code>ssh-copy-id</code> (for that you may want to check your <code>ssh</code> configuration in case you don&rsquo;t let people access your server with user/password).</p>
-<p>Next, and almost finally, we need to edit the <code>git-daemon</code> service, located at <code>/usr/lib/systemd/system/</code> (called <code>git-daemon@.service</code>):</p>
-<pre><code class="language-ini">...
-ExecStart=-/usr/lib/git-core/git-daemon --inetd --export-all --base-path=/home/git --enable=receive-pack
-...
-</code></pre>
-<p>I just appended <code>--enable=receive-pack</code> and note that I also changed the <code>--base-path</code> to reflect where I want to serve my repositories from (has to match what you set when changing <code>git</code> user&rsquo;s home).</p>
-<p>Now, go ahead and start and enable the <code>git-daemon</code> socket:</p>
-<pre><code class="language-sh">systemctl start git-daemon.socket
-systemctl enable git-daemon.socket
-</code></pre>
-<p>You&rsquo;re basically done. Now you should be able to push/pull repositories to your server&hellip; except, you haven&rsquo;t created any repository in your server, that&rsquo;s right, they&rsquo;re not created automatically when trying to push. To do so, you have to run (while inside <code>/home/git</code>):</p>
-<pre><code class="language-sh">git init --bare {repo_name}.git
-chown -R git:git repo_name.git
-</code></pre>
-<p>Those two lines above will need to be run each time you want to add a new repository to your server (yeah, kinda lame&hellip; although there are options to &ldquo;automate&rdquo; this, I like it this way).</p>
-<p>After that you can already push/pull to your repository. I have my repositories (locally) set up so I can push to more than one remote at the same time (my server, GitHub, GitLab, etc.); to do so, check <a href="https://gist.github.com/rvl/c3f156e117e22a25f242">this gist</a>.</p>
-<h2 id="cgit">Cgit</h2>
-<p><a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Cgit">Cgit</a> is a fast web interface for git.</p>
-<p>This is optionally since it&rsquo;s only for the web application.</p>
-<p>Install the <code>cgit</code> and <code>fcgiwrap</code> packages:</p>
-<pre><code class="language-sh">pacman -S cgit fcgiwrap
-</code></pre>
-<p>Now, just start and enable the <code>fcgiwrap</code> socket:</p>
-<pre><code class="language-sh">systemctl start fcgiwrap.socket
-systemctl enable fcgiwrap.socket
-</code></pre>
-<p>Next, create the <code>git.conf</code> as stated in my <a href="https://blog.luevano.xyz/a/website_with_nginx.html">nginx setup entry</a>. Add the following lines to your <code>git.conf</code> file:</p>
-<pre><code class="language-nginx">server {
- listen 80;
- listen [::]:80;
- root /usr/share/webapps/cgit;
- server_name {yoursubdomain}.{yourdomain};
- try_files $uri @cgit;
-
- location @cgit {
- include fastcgi_params;
- fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root/cgit.cgi;
- fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $uri;
- fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $args;
- fastcgi_param HTTP_HOST $server_name;
- fastcgi_pass unix:/run/fcgiwrap.sock;
- }
-}
-</code></pre>
-<p>Where the <code>server_name</code> line depends on you, I have mine setup to <code>git.luevano.xyz</code> and <code>www.git.luevano.xyz</code>. Optionally run <code>certbot --nginx</code> to get a certificate for those domains if you don&rsquo;t have already.</p>
-<p>Now, all that&rsquo;s left is to configure <code>cgit</code>. Create the configuration file <code>/etc/cgitrc</code> with the following content (my personal options, pretty much the default):</p>
-<pre><code class="language-apache">css=/cgit.css
-logo=/cgit.png
-
-enable-http-clone=1
-# robots=noindex, nofollow
-virtual-root=/
-
-repo.url={url}
-repo.path={dir_path}
-repo.owner={owner}
-repo.desc={short_description}
-
-...
-</code></pre>
-<p>Where you can uncomment the <code>robots</code> line to let web crawlers (like Google&rsquo;s) to index your <code>git</code> web app. And at the end keep all your repositories (the ones you want to make public), for example for my <a href="https://git.luevano.xyz/.dots"><em>dotfiles</em></a> I have:</p>
-<pre><code class="language-apache">...
-repo.url=.dots
-repo.path=/home/git/.dots.git
-repo.owner=luevano
-repo.desc=These are my personal dotfiles.
-...
-</code></pre>
-<p>Otherwise you could let <code>cgit</code> to automatically detect your repositories (you have to be careful if you want to keep &ldquo;private&rdquo; repos) using the option <code>scan-path</code> and setup <code>.git/description</code> for each repository. For more, you can check <a href="https://man.archlinux.org/man/cgitrc.5">cgitrc(5)</a>.</p>
-<p>By default you can&rsquo;t see the files on the site, you need a highlighter to render the files, I use <code>highlight</code>. Install the <code>highlight</code> package:</p>
-<pre><code class="language-sh">pacman -S highlight
-</code></pre>
-<p>Copy the <code>syntax-highlighting.sh</code> script to the corresponding location (basically adding <code>-edited</code> to the file):</p>
-<pre><code class="language-sh">cp /usr/lib/cgit/filters/syntax-highlighting.sh /usr/lib/cgit/filters/syntax-highlighting-edited.sh
-</code></pre>
-<p>And edit it to use the version 3 and add <code>--inline-css</code> for more options without editing <code>cgit</code>&lsquo;s CSS file:</p>
-<pre><code class="language-sh">...
-# This is for version 2
-# exec highlight --force -f -I -X -S &quot;$EXTENSION&quot; 2&gt;/dev/null
-
-# This is for version 3
-exec highlight --force --inline-css -f -I -O xhtml -S &quot;$EXTENSION&quot; 2&gt;/dev/null
-...
-</code></pre>
-<p>Finally, enable the filter in <code>/etc/cgitrc</code> configuration:</p>
-<pre><code class="language-apache">source-filter=/usr/lib/cgit/filters/syntax-highlighting-edited.sh
-</code></pre>
-<p>That would be everything. If you need support for more stuff like compressed snapshots or support for markdown, check the optional dependencies for <code>cgit</code>.</p>
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- <p>By David Luévano</p>
- <p>Created: Sun, Mar 21, 2021 @ 19:00 UTC</p>
- <p>Modified: Tue, Jun 08, 2021 @ 07:27 UTC</p>
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