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authorDavid Luevano Alvarado <david@luevano.xyz>2021-04-03 23:15:38 -0700
committerDavid Luevano Alvarado <david@luevano.xyz>2021-04-03 23:15:38 -0700
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+<h1>Create a git server and setup cgit web app (on Nginx)</h1>
+
+<p>My git server is all I need to setup to actually <em>kill</em> my other server (I've been moving from servers on these last 2-3 blog entries), that's why I'm already doing this entry. I'm basically following <a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-on-the-Server-Setting-Up-the-Server">git's guide on setting up a server</a> plus some specific stuff for (btw i use) Arch Linux (<a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Git_server#Web_interfaces">Arch Linux Wiki: Git server</a> and <a href="https://miracoin.wordpress.com/2014/11/25/step-by-step-guide-on-setting-up-git-server-in-arch-linux-pushable/">Step by step guide on setting up git server in arch linux (pushable)</a>).</p>
+
+<p>Note that this is mostly for personal use, so there's no user/authentication control other than that of SSH. Also, most if not all commands here are run as root.</p>
+
+<h2>Prerequisites</h2>
+
+<p>I might get tired of saying this (it's just copy paste, basically)&#8230; but similar as before (check my <a href="https://blog.luevano.xyz/a/website_with_nginx.html">website</a> and <a href="https://blog.luevano.xyz/a/mail_server_with_postfix.html">mail</a> entries):</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>(This time, optional) A domain name if you want to have a &#8220;front end&#8221; to show your repositories. Got mine on <a href="https://www.epik.com/?affid=da5ne9ru4">Epik</a> (affiliate link, btw).
+
+<ul>
+<li>With a <strong>CNAME</strong> for &#8220;git&#8221; and (optionally) &#8220;www.git&#8221;, or some other name for your sub-domains.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>A VPS or somewhere else to host. I'm using <a href="https://www.vultr.com/?ref=8732849">Vultr</a> (also an affiliate link).
+
+<ul>
+<li><code>ssh</code> configured.</li>
+<li>(Optionally, if doing the domain name thingy) With <code>nginx</code> and <code>certbot</code> setup and running.</li>
+<li>Of course, <code>git</code> already installed (it should be a must have always).</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h2>git server</h2>
+
+<p>If not installed already, install the <code>git</code> package:</p>
+
+<pre><code class="language-sh">pacman -S git
+</code></pre>
+
+<p>On Arch Linux, when you install the <code>git</code> package, a <code>git</code> user is automatically created, so all you have to do is decide where you want to store the repositories, for me, I like them to be on <code>/home/git</code> like if <code>git</code> was a &#8220;normal&#8221; user. So, create the <code>git</code> folder (with corresponding permissions) under <code>/home</code> and set the <code>git</code> user's home to <code>/home/git</code>:</p>
+
+<pre><code class="language-sh">mkdir /home/git
+chown git:git /home/git
+usermod -d /home/git git
+</code></pre>
+
+<p>Also, the <code>git</code> user is &#8220;expired&#8221; by default and will be locked (needs a password), change that with:</p>
+
+<pre><code class="language-sh">chage -E -1 git
+passwd git
+</code></pre>
+
+<p>Give it a strong one and remember to use <code>PasswordAuthentication no</code> for <code>ssh</code> (as you should). Create the <code>.ssh/authorized_keys</code> for the <code>git</code> user and set the permissions accordingly:</p>
+
+<pre><code class="language-sh">mkdir /home/git/.ssh
+chmod 700 /home/git/.ssh
+touch /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys
+chmod 600 /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys
+chown -R git:git /home/git
+</code></pre>
+
+<p>Now is a good idea to copy over your local SSH public keys to this file, to be able to push/pull to the repositories. Do it by either manually copying it or using <code>ssh</code>'s built in <code>ssh-copy-id</code> (for that you may want to check your <code>ssh</code> configuration in case you don't let people access your server with user/password).</p>
+
+<p>Next, and almost finally, we need to edit the <code>git-daemon</code> service, located at <code>/usr/lib/systemd/system/</code> (called <code>git-daemon@.service</code>):</p>
+
+<pre><code class="language-ini">...
+ExecStart=-/usr/lib/git-core/git-daemon --inetd --export-all --base-path=/home/git --enable=receive-pack
+...
+</code></pre>
+
+<p>I just appended <code>--enable=receive-pack</code> and note that I also changed the <code>--base-path</code> to reflect where I want to serve my repositories from (has to match what you set when changing <code>git</code> user's home).</p>
+
+<p>Now, go ahead and start and enable the <code>git-daemon</code> socket:</p>
+
+<pre><code class="language-sh">systemctl start git-daemon.socket
+systemctl enable git-daemon.socket
+</code></pre>
+
+<p>You're basically done. Now you should be able to push/pull repositories to your server&#8230; except, you haven't created any repository in your server, that's right, they're not created automatically when trying to push. To do so, you have to do the following sequence (assuming you're &#8220;<code>cd</code>'ed&#8221; into the <code>/home/git</code> directory):</p>
+
+<pre><code class="language-sh">mkdir {repo_name}.git
+cd {repo_name}.git
+</code></pre>
+
+<p>Those two lines above will need to be run each time you want to add a new repository to your server (yeah, kinda lame&#8230; although there are options to &#8220;automate&#8221; this, I like it this way).</p>
+
+<p>After that you can already push/pull to your repository. I have my repositories (locally) set up so I can push to more than one remote at the same time (my server, GitHub, GitLab, etc.), which is detailed <a href="https://gist.github.com/rvl/c3f156e117e22a25f242">here</a>.</p>
+
+<h2>cgit</h2>
+
+<p>This bit is optional if you only wanted a git server (really easy to set up), this is so you can have a web application. This is basically a copy paste of <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Cgit#Nginx">Arch Linux Wiki: Cgit</a> so you can go there and get more in-depth configurations.</p>
+
+<p>Install the <code>cgit</code> and <code>fcgiwrap</code> packages:</p>
+
+<pre><code class="language-sh">pacman -S cgit fcgiwrap
+</code></pre>
+
+<p>Now, just start and enable the <code>fcgiwrap</code> socket:</p>
+
+<pre><code class="language-sh">systemctl start fcgiwrap.socket
+systemctl enable fcgiwrap.socket
+</code></pre>
+
+<p>Next, the way I configure <code>nginx</code> is creating a separate file <code>{module}.conf</code> (<code>git.conf</code> in this case) under <code>/etc/nginx/sites-available</code> and create a symlink to <code>/etc/nginx/sites-enabled</code> as stated in my <a href="https://blog.luevano.xyz/a/website_with_nginx.html"><code>nginx</code> setup entry</a>. Add the following lines to your <code>git.conf</code> file:</p>
+
+<pre><code class="language-nginx">server {
+ listen 80;
+ listen [::]:80;
+ root /usr/share/webapps/cgit;
+ server_name {yoursubdomain}.{yourdomain};
+ try_files $uri @cgit;
+
+ location @cgit {
+ include fastcgi_params;
+ fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root/cgit.cgi;
+ fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $uri;
+ fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $args;
+ fastcgi_param HTTP_HOST $server_name;
+ fastcgi_pass unix:/run/fcgiwrap.sock;
+ }
+}
+</code></pre>
+
+<p>Where the <code>server_name</code> line depends on you, I have mine setup to <code>git.luevano.xyz</code> and <code>www.git.luevano.xyz</code>. Optionally run <code>certbot --nginx</code> to get a certificate for those domains if you don't have already.</p>
+
+<p>Now, all that's left is to configure <code>cgit</code>. Create the configuration file <code>/etc/cgitrc</code> with the following content (my personal options, pretty much the default):</p>
+
+<pre><code class="language-apache">css=/cgit.css
+source-filter=/usr/lib/cgit/filters/syntax-highlighting-edited.sh
+logo=/cgit.png
+
+enable-http-clone=1
+# robots=noindex, nofollow
+virtual-root=/
+
+repo.url={url}
+repo.path={dir_path}
+repo.owner={owner}
+repo.desc={short_description}
+
+...
+</code></pre>
+
+<p>Where you can uncomment the <code>robots</code> line to let web crawlers (like Google's) to index your <code>git</code> web app. And at the end keep all your repositories (the ones you want to make public), for example for my <a href="https://git.luevano.xyz/.dots"><em>dotfiles</em></a> I have:</p>
+
+<pre><code class="language-apache">...
+repo.url=.dots
+repo.path=/home/git/.dots.git
+repo.owner=luevano
+repo.desc=These are my personal dotfiles.
+...
+</code></pre>
+
+<p>Otherwise you could let <code>cgit</code> to automatically detect your repositories (you have to be careful if you want to keep &#8220;private&#8221; repos) using the option <code>scan-path</code> and setup <code>.git/description</code> for each repository. I will add more to my actual configuration, but for now it is useful as it is. For more, you can check <a href="https://man.archlinux.org/man/cgitrc.5">cgitrc(5)</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Finally, if you want further support for highlighting, other compressed snapshots or support for markdown, checkout the optional dependencies for <code>cgit</code> and also the Arch Wiki goes in detail on how to setup highlighting with two different packages.</p>
+
+<div class=timestamp>
+<hr>
+<p>Created: Sat, Mar 20, 2021 @ 22:58 MST; modified: Sun, Mar 21, 2021 @ 12:00 MST</p>
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